바이오에너지, bioenergy

바이오에너지(bioenergy)는 바이오매스를 연료로 하여 얻어지는 에너지로, 생물자원의 물질로 사용가능하도록 만들어진 대체에너지다. 에너지원으로 이용되는 바이오매스는 햇빛을 화학 에너지의 형태로 저장한 유기물이며 이는 나무, 나무찌꺼기, 짚, 거름, 사탕수수 등과 그 외의 다양한 농업의 과정에서 나온 부산물을 연료로 사용한다. 2010년까지는 세계적으로 바이오에너지로 35GW에 해당하는 전기를 생산할 수 있는 능력이 있었고, 미국에는 7GW의 생산능력이 있었다.

바이오에너지는 좁은 의미로 생물자원에서 오는 바이오연료와 동의어 관계이다. 넓은 의미로는 바이오매스, 바이오연료로 사용되는 생물학적 물질뿐만 아니라 생물자원을 에너지로 사용하는 것과 관련된 사회적, 경제적, 과학적, 기술적 분야도 포함한다. 바이오에너지는 바이오매스를 직접 또는 물리적, 생화학적 변환과정을 거쳐 가스, 액체, 고체연료나 전기, 열에너지 형태로 이용하는 생물, 화학, 연소공학 등의 기술을 말한다.

미국이 주도하는 북아메리카의 국가는 2014년을 기준으로 바이오연료가 총 연료 생산량의 44.1%를 차지하는 주요 바이오연료 생산국이다. 미국의 "Renewable Fuels Standard program"은 2022년까지 360억 갤런에 해당하는 재생연료의 약 56.9%가 농업 잔여물로 만들어지고 약 44.5%가 셀룰로오스를 바이오연료로 사용하여 만들어질 것이라고 예측한다. 총 연료 생산량의 나머지는 브라질을 포함하는 남아메리카와 중앙아메리카(28.7%), 네덜란드를 포함하는 유럽과 유라시아(16.5%), 중국을 포함하는 태평양 아시아 국가들(10.6%)에 속한다.

 

 

 

 

 

Bioenergy is energy obtained from biomass as fuel and is an alternative energy made to be used as a material for biological resources. Biomass used as an energy source is an organic material that stores sunlight in the form of chemical energy, and it uses wood, wood chips, straw, manure, sugarcane, and other by-products from various agricultural processes as fuel. Until 2010, bioenergy had the ability to produce 35 GW of electricity, and the United States had a production capacity of 7 GW.

Bioenergy is synonymous with biofuels that come from biological resources in a narrow sense. Biological materials used as biomass and biofuels, as well as social, economic, scientific, and technical fields related to the use of biological resources as energy, are included in the broad sense. Bioenergy refers to technologies such as biological, chemical, and combustion engineering that use biomass directly or in the form of gas, liquid, solid fuel, electricity, and thermal energy through physical or biochemical conversion.

The U.S.-led country of North America was a major producer of biofuels, with biofuels accounting for 44.1 percent of its total fuel production as of 2014. The U.S. Renewable Fuels Standard program predicts that by 2022, about 56.9 percent of renewable fuels, equivalent to 36 billion gallons, will be made from agricultural residues and about 44.5 percent will be made from cellulose as biofuels. The remainder of total fuel production belongs to South America and Central America, including Brazil (28.7 percent), Europe and Eurasia, including the Netherlands (16.5 percent), and Pacific Asian countries, including China (10.6 percent).ㅁ