수력발전 유형, Type of hydroelectric power

수력발전은 물의 낙차를 이용하는 것이므로 수력발전을 하려면 반드시 물이 내려가는 경사를 급하게 만들어야 한다. 그래서 아래와 같은 유형이 고안되었다.

 

-댐식
가장 기초적인 형태. 하천의 경사가 큰 구간에 댐을 설치하고 가둔 물을 떨어트려 그 낙차로 터빈을 돌린다.

 

-수로식
감입곡류하천에서 쓸 수 있는 유형. 댐을 설치하고 그 지점보다 아래의 특정 지점까지 수로를 직선으로 이으면, 곡선으로 돌아가는 원래 하천보다 낙차가 더 증가하는데, 그 낙차로 터빈을 돌린다.

 

-터널 및 유역변경식
경동지형에서 자주 쓰는 유형. 고지대에 댐을 설치하고 도수터널을 통해 산 너머의 경사가 급한 저지대로 떨어트려 그 낙차로 터빈을 돌린다. 수로식과의 차이점은, 수로식은 발전을 하고 나가는 물이 취수되었던 강으로 다시 유입되지만 유역변경식은 이름답게 취수된 강과 다른 수계로 흘러나간다. 한국지리 시간에는 동고서저 지형을 이용한 강릉수력발전소가 주로 언급되며, 섬진강 유역에서는 일제강점기 때부터 써먹었다. 대한민국 최고령 수력발전소인 보성강수력발전소도 이 유형.

 

-댐수로식
댐과 수로를 합한 유형.

 

-양수식
다른 발전소와 유기적으로 작동하여 손실되는 전기를 줄이는 방식. 잉여 전력을 이용해 저지대에서 고지대의 저수지로 물을 올려, 전력이 필요할 때 물을 내려보낸다. 즉, 다른 발전소와 연동되지 않는 양수식 발전소는 무의미하다. 양수 발전은 주로 원자력 발전과 태양광, 풍력 발전과 연계된다. 남는 전력을 이용해 물을 올리고, 전력 수요가 가장 많은 시간대에 물을 내린다. 한국수력원자력에서 운용하는 수력 발전소 대부분이 양수발전소다. 양수발전은 블랙 아웃시 다른 발전소들이 다시 발전을 할 수 있도록 하는 자체기동발전 기능도 있다.

 

 

 

Since hydroelectric power uses water dripping, it is necessary to make a steep slope in which the water goes down in order to generate hydroelectric power. Therefore, the following types were devised.

-dam type
The most basic form. A dam is installed in a section with a large slope of the river, and the trapped water is dropped and the turbine is turned by the drop.

-Waterways
Types that can be used in an incised grain stream. If a dam is installed and the channel is straightened to a certain point below that point, the drop increases more than the original river that returns to the curve, which turns the turbine.

-Tunnel and basin modification formula
A type frequently used in Gyeongdong topography. A dam is installed in an elevated area, and a tunnel is used to drop a turbine to a low-lying area with a steep slope over the mountain. The difference from the waterway system is that the waterway system re-flows into the river where the water generated and leaving the river is taken, but the watershed change system flows into the river and other water systems. In the Korean geography class, the Gangneung Hydroelectric Power Plant using the topography of the east and west is mainly mentioned, and it has been used in the Seomjingang River basin since Japanese colonial era. The Boseong Hydroelectric Power Plant, Korea's oldest hydroelectric power plant, is also of this type.

-Dam water system
a combined type of dam and channel.

-a water pump
It works organically with other power plants to reduce lost electricity. It uses surplus power to raise water from low-lying areas to high-altitude reservoirs and when power is needed, it is released. In other words, pumped-out plants that are not linked to other power plants are meaningless. Pumped-up power plants are mainly linked to nuclear power generation, solar power, and wind power generation. Use the remaining power to raise water and lower water at the time when the demand for electricity is highest. Pumped-up power plants are mostly operated by Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power. Pumped-up power plants also have their own startup function that allows other power plants to generate power again when blacked out.