원자력 발전의 역사, history of nuclear power generation

미국에서 첫 연구와 논의가 시작되었으며, 1951년 12월 20일, 아이다호 국립연구소의 EBR-1에서 가능성을 타진하였다. 그러나 이전까지는 위험한 군용 기술 취급받았던 원자력은 1953년 12월 8일 아이젠하워 대통령이 UN총회에서 연설한 평화를 위한 원자력 선언 이후 민간부문에서 평화적 이용이 공식화되었으며, 이때를 원자력 발전의 효시로 본다.

최초의 전력망 송출은 1954년 6월 27일, 소련의 과학도시이자 그 당시 비밀도시였던 오브닌스크 원자력 발전소의 AM-1 (Атом Мирный, 로마자론 Atom Mirny. peaceful atom이란 뜻)이 해냈다. AM-1의 원자로 노형은 RBMK이다. 사실 RBMK도 여러 원자로 노형 중 제일 뛰어나다고 선정받아 만들어진 원자로다. 그러나 오브닌스크는 과학적 목적이 크고 전력도 고작 6MW짜리였다. 세계 최초의 상업적 목적을 달성한 원자력 발전소는 또 미국이 아니고 영국의 콜더 홀 원자력 발전소이다. 여기서 사용한 노형은 RBMK와 비슷한 우주쓰레기인 마그녹스이다. 그러나 핵연료 재처리 단지 안에 건립되어 플루토늄 생산 목적이라는 것이 뻔히 보이는 원자로를 최초의 상업적 원자력 발전소라 주장하기는 눈가리고 아웅이라는 주장도 있다. 그래서 100% 상업적 원자력 발전소는 미국의 쉬핑포트 원자력 발전소라고 보기도 한다.

 

 

The first research and discussion began in the United States, and on December 20, 1951, EBR-1 of the Idaho National Laboratory discussed the possibility. However, after President Eisenhower's speech at the UN General Assembly on December 8, 1953, nuclear power, which had previously been treated as dangerous military technology, was officially used peacefully in the private sector, and this is considered the beginning of nuclear power generation.

The first transmission of the electrical grid was made on June 27, 1954, by AM-1 (Ат Atom Mirny. peaceful atom) at the Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, a Soviet science ̆ and secret city at the time. The reactor type of AM-1 is RBMK. In fact, RBMK was built after being selected as the best among several nuclear reactor types. However, Obninsk had a large scientific purpose and only had power of 6 MW. Another nuclear power plant in the world that achieved the world's first commercial purpose is the Colder Hall nuclear power plant in the United Kingdom, not the United States. The model used here is Magnox, a space waste similar to RBMK. However, some argue that Aung is the first commercial nuclear power plant that is built in a nuclear fuel reprocessing complex and apparently aimed at producing plutonium. Therefore, a 100% commercial nuclear power plant is regarded as the Shipingport nuclear power plant in the United States.