수력발전 터빈 방식, Hydroelectric Turbine System

 

유량, 낙차에 따라 최적의 수차 모양이 다르다.

--프란시스 수차

자동차 엔진의 터보차저 혹은 동글동글한 블로워의 드럼같이 생긴 터빈과 그 케이스를 통해 달팽이 모양처럼 동글동글한 수로를 만들며, 수차의 정 중앙으로 물이 빠져나오는 구조를 가진다. 초대형 발전 시스템에 많이 쓰인다.

--카플란 수차
프로펠러 수차에 가변익을 설치해서 낙차에 따라 효율이 높아질 수 있도록 날개의 각도를 조정할 수 있는 수차.

위의 2개는 회전축이 수직으로 나온다. 단, 카플란 수차의 경우 강바닥에 깔 때를 대비해 수평으로도 만들 수 있다. 이러면 물의 진행이 꺾이지 않는다.

--헬리컬 수차
사실 거의 안 쓴다. 오히려 풍력 발전에 많이 쓰는데..... 연안 발전 시스템을 설치할 때 이 방식을 사용한다. 이 터빈 하나만 서 있으면 작동이 되기 때문. 등대 부분의 연안발전기가 이 형식으로 되어있다.

--펠톤 수차

일반적으로 집에 쓰는 수력발전시스템이나 유역 변경방식을 이용한 초고낙차 발전소에 많이 적용된다. 반 갈라진 컵이 여러개 붙은 형태로 된 수차인데, 고압의 물을 저 컵에 쏘아 돌리는 형식으로, 유량이 적지만 수압이 높을 때 쓰면 효율적이다. 반면 1번의 프란시스 수차는 저수압-대유량으로 승부를 본다. RPM이 아주 높다.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The optimal aberration shape differs depending on the flow rate and drop.

--Francis Aberration
A turbine shaped like a turbocharger or a round blower's drum in an automobile engine and a snail-shaped waterway are created through the case, and water flows out to the center of the aberration. It is commonly used in super-large power generation systems.

--Kaplan aberration
An aberration in which a variable blade is installed on the propeller aberration so that the angle of the wing can be adjusted to increase efficiency according to the drop.

The two above have a vertical axis of rotation. However, the Kaplan aberration can also be made horizontal in case of laying it on the riverbed. This does not bend the water's progress.

--Helical aberration
Actually, it is rarely used. Rather, it is used a lot for wind power generation. It is used this way to install the coastal power generation system. Because this turbine only works by standing. The coastal power generators in the lighthouse part are in this format.

--Felton aberration
It is widely applied to ultra-high drop power plants using a hydroelectric system or watershed change method. It is a type of water turbine with several half-divided cups attached to it, and it is efficient to use it when the water pressure is high even though the flow rate is low. On the other hand, Francis Water turbine No. 1 is judged by the low water pressure-to-high flow rate. RPM is very high.