도약 종목

멀리뛰기, 세단뛰기, 높이뛰기, 장대높이뛰기가 있다. 멀리뛰기와 세단뛰기는 뒷바람이 2m/s 이상으로 불면 공인 기록으로 인정되지 않는다.

-멀리뛰기(Long Jump): 문자 그대로 가장 멀리 뛰어 모래밭에 착지하는 경기. 공중동작은 크게 상체를 앞으로 젖혔다가 그 반동으로 다리를 내미는 젖혀뛰기와 양 다리를 앞뒤로 움직이는 가위뛰기로 나뉜다. 선수들의 특성에 따라 선택되지만 최근에는 가위뛰기가 우세하다. 칼 루이스가 가위뛰기로 유명했다. 반칙 항목은 라인 너머서 도약하는 것과 지독할 정도로 못 뛰는 것, 그리고 섬머솔트. 남자 세계기록은 미국의 마이크 파월이 1991년에 기록한 8.95m이고, 여자 세계기록은 소련/슬로바키아의 갈리나 치스티야코바가 1988년에 기록한 7.52m이다.

-세단뛰기(Triple Jump): 구름판을 밟은 이후 홉-스텝-점프(착지)의 3단계를 통해 가장 멀리 가는 경기. 일제강점기에 이 종목 세계 최강자로 활약했던 김원권 선수가 유명하다. 남자 세계기록은 영국의 조너선 에드워즈가 1995년 예테보리 세계 육상 선수권대회에서 기록한 18.29m이고 여자 세계기록은 베네수엘라의 율리마르 로하스가 2022년 베오그라드 세계 실내 육상 선수권대회에서 기록한 15.74m이다.

-높이뛰기(High Jump): 도움닫기를 해서 바를 넘는 경기. 점프 순간에는 한 발로 뛰어야 하며 양발로 뛰면 넘었더라도 실패로 처리된다. 초기에는 다양한 뛰기 방법이 존재했으나 1968년 딕 포스버리가 몸을 뒤로 눕히면서 배면뛰기를 처음으로 시도하면서 이 방법이 대세가 되었다. 남자 세계기록은 쿠바의 하비에르 소토마요르가 1993년 슈투트가르트 세계 육상선수권 대회에서 세운 2.45m이고, 여자 세계기록은 우크라이나의 야로슬라바 마후치흐가 2024년 미팅 드 파리에서 세운 2.10m

-장대높이뛰기(Pole Vault): 폴을 박스에 꽂아 그 탄력으로 바를 넘는 경기. 뛰기 종목 중 유일하게 도구를 사용한다. 폴은 과거에는 대나무로 만들었으나 최근에는 유리섬유나 탄소섬유 등 잘 휘어지고 탄력있는 재질로 만들며 길이나 무게에는 제한이 없다. 소재의 발달에 따라 최근 급속도로 세계기록이 상승하다보니 스타플레이어 배출이 잘된다. 소련/우크라이나의 남자 선수 세르게이 부브카와 러시아의 여자 선수 옐레나 이신바예바가 오랜 기간 남녀 세계기록을 보유하고 있었다. 그런데 남자 부문에서 스웨덴의 아먼드 듀플랜티스가 2020년 9월 17일 이탈리아 로마 올림픽스타디움에서 열린 세계육상연맹 다이아몬드 리그 남자 장대높이뛰기 결선에서 6.15m를 기록하며 26년 만에 세계 기록을 갱신하더니, 2022년 7월 24일 미국 유진에서 열린 세계육상선수권 남자 장대높이뛰기 결선에서 6.21m를 기록하며 다시 세계 기록을 갈아치웠으나 1년 뒤인 2023년 9월 17일 미국 유진에서 열린 다이아몬드 리그 파이널 장대높이뛰기 결선에서 6.23m를 기록하며 다시한번 세계 기록을 갈아치웠다. 하지만 그의 기록 경신은 끝나지 않았고 2024년 3월 대회에서 6.24m를 넘어 세계 기록을 또 경신했다. 그리고 결국 2024 파리 올림픽에서 6.25m를 넘으며 세계 기록을 또 다시 경신하고 금메달을 획득했다.

 

 

 

There are long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault. Long jump and triple jump are not recognized as official records when the rear wind blows above 2 m/s.

-Long Jump: a race that literally jumps the longest and lands on the sand. Aerial movements are largely divided into a recoil-type jump, which involves the upper body leaning forward and legs extended by the reaction, and a scissors jump, which moves both legs back and forth. It is selected according to the characteristics of the players, but recently, the scissors jump has become the dominant one. Carl Lewis was famous for the scissors jump. The fouling category is jumping over the line, grossly poor running, and summer salt. The men's world record is 8.95m, set by Mike Powell of the United States in 1991, and the women's world record is 7.52m, set by Galina Chistyakova of the Soviet Union and Slovakia in 1988.

-Triple Jump: The furthest race through three stages of hop-step-jump after stepping on the cloudboard. Kim Won-kwon, who was the world's strongest player in this event in Japanese colonial era, is famous. The men's world record is 18.29 m, recorded by Britain's Jonathan Edwards at the 1995 World Athletics Championships in Gothenburg, and the women's world record is 15.74 m, recorded by Venezuela's Yulimar Rojas at the 2022 World Indoor Track and Field Championships in Belgrade.

-High Jump: A race where you jump with one foot, and if you jump with both feet, it is considered a failure. There were many different jumping methods in the early days, but this became the trend when Dick Fosbury tried the back jump for the first time when he leaned back in 1968. The men's world record is 2.45 meters, set by Javier Sotomayor of Cuba at the 1993 World Athletics Championships in Stuttgart, and the women's world record is 2.10 meters, set by Yaroslava Mahuch of Ukraine at the 2024 Meeting de Paris

-Pole Vault: A race in which a pole is inserted into a box to cross a bar with its elasticity. The pole is the only one that uses a tool among jumping events. The pole used to be made of bamboo, but recently it is made of a flexible material such as glass fiber or carbon fiber, which has no length or weight limit. As world records have risen rapidly in recent years due to the development of materials, star players can be produced well. Soviet/Ukrainian male and Russian female players Sergey Bubka and Russian female player Elena Isinbayeva held the men's and women's world records for a long time. However, in the men's category, Sweden's Amond Duplantis broke the world record by recording 6.15 meters in the men's pole vault final of the World Athletics Federation Diamond League at Olympic Stadium in Rome, Italy, on September 17, 2020, and broke the world record again by recording 6.21 meters in the men's pole vault final at the World Athletics Championships in Eugene, USA on July 24, 2022, but a year later, on September 17, 2023, he broke the world record again by recording 6.23 meters in the pole vault final of the Diamond League final in Eugene, USA. However, his record did not end, and he broke another world record by exceeding 6.24m at the March 2024 event. He eventually surpassed 6.25m at the 2024 Paris Olympics, breaking another world record and winning the gold medal.