국채, 國債, government bond

국채(國債, 영어: government bond 또는 sovereign bond)는 국가가 국회의 의결 및 승인 절차를 거쳐 공공 및 재정 투.융자 자금의 조성을 목적으로 발행하는 채권이다.

국채는 발행시 상환 기간과 금리가 정해져 있어, 구입자는 이에 따른 이자를 받을 수 있다. 상환 기한이 끝나면, 원금인 국채 발행 시 금액(액면 금액 또는 액면가라고 한다)이 지불된다. 국채는 다른 채권과 마찬가지로 발행된 후에도 시장에서 판매하므로 가격은 항상 변하고 있다. 부채 : 가격과 그 반대로 국채 금리(장기 금리)는 세계정세와 국채를 발행하고 있는 국가의 사회 동향, 경제 상황을 반영하기 때문에 정치적으로 매우 중요한 요소이다.

국채 = 부채라는 이미지가 강하지만, 일부 국채 = 주식, 국채 금리 = 배당이 실정에 가깝다고 할 수도 있지만, 국채 금리는 적자 재정이라도 강제로 지불할 의무가 있으며, 그런 의미에서 “국채는 국가 채무”라는 말은 정확하다고 할 수 있다.

현대에 있어서는 국가에 대한 융자이기 때문에 비교적 안전한 투자 방법이 될 수도 있다. 2000년에 아르헨티나가 디폴트(채무불이행)을 선언한 경우가 있다. 이것은 아르헨티나가 미국에게 미국 달러를 기준으로 빌린 채무(공적 대외 채무)가 지급 불가능하게 되었기 때문에 디폴트를 선언한 사태가 된 것이고, 일본처럼 자국민으로부터 자국 통화로 채무를 한 경우 형식상 디폴트는 있을 수 없다. (하이퍼 인플레이션에 의한 사실상의 디폴트는 있을 수 있다.) 국가가 채무 불이행에 빠질 경우는 외국에서 외국 통화로 빚을 지는 경우이다

 

 

 

A government bond is a bond issued by the state for the purpose of raising public, financial investment and financing funds through the resolution and approval process of the National Assembly.

Government bonds have a fixed repayment period and interest rate at the time of issuance, so the buyer can receive interest accordingly. When the repayment deadline is over, an amount (referred to as the face value or face value) is paid when issuing government bonds, which are the principal. Government bonds, like other bonds, are sold in the market even after issuance, so the price is always changing. Debt: Conversely to price, the interest rate on government bonds (long-term interest rate) is a very important political factor because it reflects the global situation, social trends, and economic conditions of the country issuing government bonds.

Although the image of government bonds = debt is strong, some government bonds = stocks, government bond interest rates = dividends are close to the actual situation, but government bond rates are obligated to pay even deficit finances, and in that sense, "government bonds are national debt" is accurate.

In modern times, it can be a relatively safe investment method because it is a loan to the state. In 2000, there was a case where Argentina declared a default. This resulted in Argentina declaring a default because debts (public external debt) borrowed based on US dollars from the United States became impossible to pay, and there can be no default in form if, as in Japan, there is a debt from its citizens in their own currency. (There may be a de facto default due to hyperinflation.) When a country defaults on its debt, it is a case in which it owes foreign currency