환율, 換率, exchange rate

환율(換率, exchange rate)은 한 통화와 다른 통화의 교환 비율로, 대개 기준 국가의 관점에서 자국 통화와 타국 통화의 교환 비율인 외환율(外換率, foreign exchange rate)을 가리킨다. '환시세', '외환시세', '외국환시세'라고도 한다.

우리나라에서는 1달러의 가격이 1000원에서 1100원이 되면 환율이 올랐다고 표현한다. 반대로 1달러의 가격이 1000원에서 900원이 되면 환율이 내렸다고 표현한다. 쉽게 말해 '교환'의 비율, 현재기준 원화로 살 수 있는 달러의 값이 환율이다.

 

 

[원리]

어떠한 화폐 가치에 특정 변수를 곱하여 다른 화폐의 가치를 나타내는 방식으로, 선형사상(linear map)을 따른다. 단순한 비례식이 아닌 선형사상인 이유는, 환전 수수료의 존재 때문이다.

통화의 가치는 구매력으로 나타난다. 그런데 외국에서의 구매력, 예를 들어 해외 직구를 하려면 자국의 통화를 교환해 얻은 외화가 있어야 가능하므로 통화의 대외가치를 나타낸다는 의의가 있다. 미국 달러(이하 달러)가 세계의 기축 통화 역할을 하므로, 환율을 나타낼 때는 달러를 기준으로 삼는 것이 일반적이다. 예를 들어, 환율이 달러당 1,000원이면, 1,000원을 내야 1달러를 얻을 수 있다는 뜻이다. 여기서 환율이 200원 올라 달러당 1,200원이 되면, 1,200원이 있어야 1달러의 값어치를 하는 것이므로 원화의 가치는 그만큼 하락하게 된다. 같은 원리로, 환율이 내린다는 것은 원화 가치 상승을 의미한다.

 

 

 

An exchange rate is the exchange rate of one currency and another currency, usually referring to the foreign exchange rate, which is the exchange rate of the domestic currency and the currency of another country from the perspective of the base country. It is also called 'exchange market price', 'exchange market price', and 'foreign exchange market price'.

In Korea, it is expressed that the exchange rate has risen when the price of a dollar goes from 1000 won to 1100 won. On the other hand, when the price of a dollar goes from 1000 won to 900 won, it is expressed that the exchange rate has decreased. To put it simply, the ratio of the 'exchange' and the value of the dollar that can be bought in won at the present time are the exchange rate.


[Principle]

It follows a linear map in a way that represents the value of another currency by multiplying the value of one currency by a specific variable. The reason why it is a linear idea, not a simple proportional expression, is the existence of currency exchange fees.

The value of currency is expressed in terms of purchasing power. However, it is meaningful that it represents the external value of the currency because foreign purchasing power, for example, foreign currency obtained by exchanging domestic currency, is required to make direct purchases abroad. Since the U.S. dollar (hereinafter referred to as the dollar) serves as the world's key currency, it is common to use the dollar as a reference when representing exchange rates. For example, if the exchange rate is 1,000 won per dollar, it means that you have to pay 1,000 won to get 1 dollar. Here, if the exchange rate rises by 200 won to 1,200 won per dollar, the value of the won decreases accordingly because 1,200 won is the only value of the dollar. In the same principle, a decrease in the exchange rate means an increase in the value of the won