축구 전략, football strategy

[ 게겐프레싱, Gegenpressing ]

 

 

보통 영국 축구계에서는 카운터프레싱(Counter-Pressing)이라고 불리는데 이는 독일어의 게겐프레싱(Gegenpressing)을 직역한 용어다. 한국어로 직역하면 역압박이 어울리는 단어. 게겐프레싱은 독일어의 게겐(Gegen)과 영어의 프레싱(pressing)을 합성한 용어다. 게겐프레싱이라는 명칭이 붙은 이유는 독일 축구 코치들이 주로 전략을 개발하고 사용했기 때문이다. 물론 지금은 어느나라든지 효율적으로 이용한다.전방압박(Fore-Checking) 또는 높은 압박(High Pressing) 전술로도 불리는데 정확히 말하면 전방압박과는 구별해야한다. 독일에서 전방 압박은 앙그리프 프레싱으로 따로 구별해서 부른다. 그러므로 전방(前方)이 아닌 전방(全方) 수비 혹은 Gegen을 의역해서 對수비로 부르는게 맞을 듯 하다. 전방 공격수 뿐 아니라 후방 수비수까지 압박수비에 참여하는것이 전방수비와 게겐프레싱의 가장 큰 차이다. 후방에서도 압박이 행해지니 Fore로 범위를 전방으로 한정하는것은 용어만 봐도 정확한 표현이 아니기도 하다 어떤 의미로는 진짜 아이스 하키 시절의 전방 압박에 더 가까워졌다고도 할 수 있지만 축구의 전방수비는 아이스하키시절의 포어채킹과는 용어만 같을 뿐 많은것이 달라졌기때문에 구별하는것이 맞을 듯 하다. 게겐프레싱은 오히려 어디에 더 가깝냐고 하면 두줄수비에 더 가깝다. 전방수비와 다르게 체력적인 문제가 생기는것도 이런 이유였다. 또한 수비수도 압박에 참여하는 것이 게겐프레싱에서 골키퍼가 스위퍼의 역할까지 겸해야하는 가장 큰 이유다, 수비수까지 공을 따라 다니면 후방에 공간이 빌 수밖에 없고, 여기로 롱패스가 들어오면 그걸 걷어 낼 사람은 골키퍼밖에 없기 때문이다. 게겐은 영어의 Against의 의미에 해당하는 '~에 대항해서'의 독일어 전치사이고, 프레싱은 압박이라는 뜻이다. 즉, 게겐프레싱은 상대의 공격에 대항하여 압박을 가하는 것이다. 그렇기 때문에 영국에서는 카운터프레싱으로 불리는 것이다.

 

 

Generally, the term is called "counter-pressing" in the English soccer community, which translates directly into "gegen-pressing" in German. Gegen-pressing is a combination of "gegen" in German and "pressing" in English. The name "gegen-pressing" is coined because German soccer coaches have developed and used strategies. Of course, it is used effectively in any country now. It is also called "forward-checking" or "high-pressing" tactics, which should be distinguished from "forward-pressing." In Germany, forward-pressing is called "angryph pressing" separately. Therefore, it is most likely to be appropriate to refer to the forward defense or "gegen" in translation rather than the forward defense. The biggest difference between forward defense and gegen-pressing is that both the front striker and the rear defender join the compression defense. Limiting the range to Fore to the front is not an accurate expression just by looking at the terminology. In a sense, it can be said that we are closer to the forward pressure in the real ice hockey era, but it is correct to distinguish soccer's front defense because it has the same term as forechacking in ice hockey, but many things have changed. Gegenpressing is rather closer to two-line defense if you ask where it is. This is why physical problems arise unlike front defense. Also, the biggest reason why defenders also participate in pressure is that if the goalkeeper also plays the role of a sweeper in gegenpressing, there will be space in the back if the defender follows the ball, and when the long pass comes in here, the only person who can kick it out is the goalkeeper. Gegen is a German preposition for 'against', which means 'against', in English, and pressing means pressure. In other words, gegenpressing applies pressure against an opponent's attack. This is why it is called counterpressing in England.

 

 

 

 

[Tiki-Taka, 티키타카]

 

 

Tiqui-Taca / Tiki-Taka

축구 전술 중 하나. 원래는 스페인어로 탁구공이 왔다갔다 한다는 뜻이다.

축구 전술적으로 티키타카를 요약하면 공간, 점유율, 압박 세 단어로 정의할 수 있다. 숏 패스(삼각형 대형)와 롱 패스를 이용하여 상대방의 라인을 끌어당기거나, 상대방 진영의 비대칭성을 유도하여 생긴 공간을 이용한 전술이다. 또한 공을 뺏겼을 때에는 강한 압박을 통하여 다시 공의 소유권을 탈취한다. 흔히 티키타카가 빠른 패스를 반복적으로 연결하는 것을 의미하는 단순 단어로 착각하는 경우가 많은데 펩 과르디올라 감독의 티키타카에서 빠른 패스의 반복이 대표적으로 부각되다 보니 ‘티키타카=빠른 패스 연결’ 이라는 착각이 생긴 것이지 티키타카는 엄연한 전술 이름이다. 펩도 그저 점유율만 높이기 위한 무의미한 패스는 싫어했기에 그런 뉘앙스의 티키타카란 단어도 크게 좋아하진 않았다.

 

 

 

One of soccer tactics. Originally, it means a ping pong ball goes back and forth in Spanish.

In soccer tactics, Tiki-taka can be defined as three words: space, possession, and pressure. It is a tactic that uses short passes (large triangular passes) and long passes to draw an opponent's line, or to induce asymmetry of the opponent's side. In addition, when the ball is taken away, it takes ownership of the ball again through strong pressure. Many people mistake Tiki-taka for simple words that mean repetitive connection of fast passes, but Pep Guardiola's Tiki-taka is a typical repetition of fast passes, which gives an illusion of "tiki-taka = fast pass connection," and Tiki-taka is a serious tactical name. Pep Guardiola didn't like the nuance of "tiki-taka" either, as he just hated pointless passes to increase his market share.

 

 

 

[토탈풋볼, Total football]

 

토탈 풋볼은 팀 전원의 정교하고 조직적인 움직임을 통해 상대방이 뛰어다닐 공간을 막고 패싱을 통해 점유율을 올려 공을 골대까지 배달한다는 전술적 사상 하에 유기적이고 치밀한 움직임을 바탕으로 전 유럽을 제패하였다. 이러한 전술을 다른 팀들도 모방하면서 현대 축구는 그전과는 비교하기 힘들 만큼 격변을 겪게 되고, 그 결과 축구라는 스포츠는 뛰어난 스타 한두 명의 영향력보다는 팀의 유기적인 플레이 퀄리티 자체가 더 중요한, 진정한 팀 스포츠로 발돋움하게 된다.

흔히 토탈 풋볼은 AFC 아약스를 이끌던 리누스 미헬스 감독이 혼자 만든 것으로 알고 있는 사람이 많지만, 사실 페예노르트 로테르담을 이끌던 에른스트 하펠 감독과 서로 영향을 주고받았다. 이를 통해 보통 수비 상황에서는 잉여 전력으로 간주되기 쉬운 공격수들에게 전방에서부터 상대를 압박하도록 만들고, 또 공격시에는 포지션 체인지를 통해 수비수들도 적극적으로 공격에 가담시켜 토탈 풋볼이라는 말 그대로 전원 공격 + 전원 수비의 형태를 취하는, 유틸리티 플레이어들이 중시되는 축구 전술을 발전시켜 나갔다. 그 과정에서 요한 크루이프는 토털 풋볼을 가장 완벽하게 구사한다는 찬사를 받은 당대 축구계 슈퍼스타였다. 리누스가 토탈 풋볼의 설계자라면 크루이프는 야전사령관이었던 셈.

사실 토탈 풋볼이라는 풍조를 요한 크루이프나 미헬스 감독 둘이서만 만들어낸 것은 아니다. 아약스 시절 이전에도 토탈 풋볼의 흔적을 볼 수 있는 흐름은 있었다. 1950년대 4년간 A매치 32연승이라라는 불멸의 기록을 세운 무적의 매직 마자르 헝가리는 경기 중에 유기적인 포지션 변경으로 황금색 바람을 일으켰고, 우크라이나의 빅토르 마슬로프는 압박과 4-4-2를 이용해 토탈 풋볼로 이어지는 여러 개념들을 앞서 선보였으며, 독일의 공격적인 수비수 프란츠 베켄바워 뿐만 아니라 이탈리아도 카테나치오를 개량해서 스위퍼를 리베로 개념으로 운용하기 시작했고, 1970년 멕시코 월드컵에서 브라질은 오늘날도 역대 최강 팀이라는 칭호를 듣는 유기적인 미드필더진을 구축한 바 있다.

 

 

Total Football won the entire Europe based on organic and meticulous movements under the tactical idea of blocking the opponent's space to run through elaborate and organized movements and raising the possession through passing to deliver the ball to the net. As other teams imitate these tactics, modern soccer undergoes upheaval that is hard to compare with before, and as a result, the sport of soccer has grown into a true team sport where the organic quality of the team itself is more important than the influence of one or two outstanding stars.

Although many people believe that Total Football was created by Linus Mi Health, who led the AFC Ajax, in fact, he was influenced by Ernst Havel, who led Feyenoord Rotterdam. This encouraged strikers, who are usually considered surplus forces in defensive situations, to pressure opponents from the front, and through position change when attacking, defenders actively participated in the attack to develop a soccer strategy that utility players value, literally taking the form of all-out attack + all-out defense. In the process, Johan Cruyff was a soccer superstar who was praised for his perfect use of Total Football. If Linus was the architect of Total Football, Cruyff was a field commander.

In fact, the trend of total football was not created only by Johan Cruyff or Mehealth coaches. Even before the Ajax era, there was a trend that showed traces of total football. Invincible Magic Mazar Hungary, who set an immortal record of 32 consecutive A matches for four years in the 1950s, created a golden wind with organic position changes during the game, and Ukraine's Viktor Maslov used pressure and 4-4-2 to show off various concepts leading to total football. Not only German offensive defender Franz Beckenbauer but also Italy improved Catenaccio and began operating the sweeper as a libero concept, and in the 1970 World Cup in Mexico, Brazil built an organic midfielder team that is still called the strongest team ever.