스포츠/야구

야구선수의 신체 조건

bjiu 2025. 1. 7. 17:32

 

턴제 스포츠기 때문에 지구력을 크게 요하지 않는다. 종목별로 경기당 뛰는 거리를 조사하면 야구는 뒤에서 1등이다. 대신 경기 숫자가 압도적으로 많다. 한 시즌당 MLB는 162경기, KBO는 144경기를 치러야 하는 대장정인데 체력이 아예 없거나 유리몸인 경우에는 선수 생활 유지 자체가 어려워진다.

찰나의 순간에 폭발적인 힘을 내야 하기 때문에 야구 선수들은 대부분 덩치가 크고 힘이 세다. 지구력을 담당하는 근육이 발달한 마라톤 주자와 힘을 담당하는 근육이 발달한 단거리 주자와의 차이라고 볼 수 있다. 이런 이유로 ESPN에서 선정한 스포츠 종목 난이도 자료에 따르면 야구는 10위인 축구보다 한단계 높은 9위에 랭크되어 있다. 기본적으로 시속 140km ~ 160km의 공을 던지거나 이런 공을 받아치려면 타고난 완력과 근력, 반사신경이 필요하기 때문이다.

또한 야구에서 나오는 모든 행위의 연속 동작을 분석해보면 유연성과 코어 근육이 굉장히 중요하다. 순간적으로 큰 힘을 내야 하는 종목 특성상, 몸이 무거우면서도 민첩해야 한다. 따라서 코어와 하체에 힘이 있으면서도 순간적인 몸의 가속을 버텨줄 수 있어야 하며, 이러한 까닭에 야구 선수들의 몸은 보디빌더처럼 체지방이 적은 조각 같은 근육질의 몸보다는 파워리프터처럼 어느 정도 지방이 있는 근육질의 몸에 가까우며 실제로 이런 몸이 기량 유지에 더욱 유리하다. 특히 홈런을 많이 치는 장타형 타자들 같은 경우에는 100kg는 우습게 넘는 거구의 선수들이 많고, 투수도 장신 및 거구의 선수가 많다.

다만 종목 특성상 포지션 막론하고 자기만의 자세, 타이밍, 밸런스에 극도로 민감해서 프로 레벨에서도 선수들 체형이 상당히 제각각이다. 누군가는 후덕한 체형에서 이상적인 밸런스가 나오고, 반대로 누군가는 홀쭉한 체형에서 최적의 밸런스가 나온다. 따라서 개인별 최적의 체형이 선수마다 편차가 큰 것.

자기만의 밸런스에 대한 이 극도의 민감성 때문에, 무산소 근력 운동치고는 웨이트 트레이닝에 매우 신중한 편이다.

야구의 각 포지션으로 봤을 때, 야구 선수는 키가 클수록 좋다. 투수(특히 선발 투수)의 경우 키가 크면 공을 던지는 높이가 높아지고, 대체로 팔다리도 길기 때문에 긴 팔다리로 타자에게 더욱 빠르고 위력적인 공을 던질 수가 있다. 야수의 경우 역시 키가 작은 선수보다 팔다리가 길고 키 큰 선수들이 포구에 더 유리하여 인플레이 상황에서 주자를 더 빨리 아웃시킬 수 있다는 이점이 있으며, 순간적으로 강한 힘을 내서 야구 배트를 휘둘러야 되는 타자는 큰 키, 큰 덩치를 가지고 있을수록 더 강한 힘을 내서 위력적인 공도 외야로 밀어내고, 장타나 홈런을 많이 칠 수가 있다. 포수의 경우는 덩치가 크고 옆으로 넓은 선수들이 환영받는다. 스트라이크 존으로 공을 던져야 하는 투수에게 안정감을 준다는 심리적인 이유도 있고, 폭투나 바운드성 투구가 나올 경우 몸으로 블로킹하여 공을 잡아두기에 유리하고, 주자의 홈 쇄도 중 충돌 시 부상 위험이 낮기 때문이다. 이러한 이유로 메이저리그 선수들의 평균 키는 190cm, 투수 평균 키는 193cm에 달하고, KBO 리그 선수들의 평균 키도 183cm, 투수 평균 키는 184cm로, 해당 국가 남성들의 평균 키보다 10cm 이상 더 높은 수치를 기록하고 있다. 스카우터들의 평가 항목에도 키와 같은 신체 조건을 가장 중요시하기도 해서 키가 작다는 이유로 중학교 때는 저평가를 받다가 나중에 고등학교 때 키가 폭발적으로 커서 다시 주목을 받은 고교야구 선수들도 꽤 많다.

물론 키가 작은 선수들 중 스타 플레이어가 없는 것은 아니다. 호세 알투베, 김선빈, 정근우, 이용규 같은 선수들은 작은 키임에도 국가대표급 선수로 자리매김하였다. 이들은 불리한 신체 조건을 가졌음에도 프로에 지명되어 엄청난 활약을 펼쳤다. 덩치가 상대적으로 작은 경우에는 장신의 선수들에 비해 스트라이크 존이 좁다는 장점이 있기에 타선에서 1, 2번에 배치되어 발 빠른 야구를 하는 테이블 세터로 활약할 수 있다. 테이블 세터로 활약할 수 있는 가장 큰 이유는 상대적으로 작은 신체 조건으로 인한 좁은 스트라이크 존과 큰 덩치의 선수들에 비해 좋은 민첩성과 작은 체구 덕분에 태그아웃을 피하기에 유리하기 때문이다. 또한 키스톤 콤비인 유격수와 2루수는 민첩한 움직임이 필요하고, 상체를 굽혀 공을 잡고 다시 일어서는 동작을 자주 반복해야 하기 때문에 키가 작은 선수가 선호된다.

이것이 야구의 장점 중 하나로, 어떤 체형이든 그 나름의 유리한 점이 있다는 것이다. 키가 크면 투구에 유리하고, 키가 작으면 주자로서 유리하여 민첩성을 활용해 활약할 수 있으며, 심지어는 뚱뚱해도 체중을 파워로 활용해 활약할 수 있다. 키가 작거나, 뚱뚱하면 장점 자체가 없는 다른 구기 종목들과는 달리 신체 조건에 구애받지 않고 즐길 수 있는 것이다.

 

 

 

As it is a turn-based sport, it does not require much endurance. According to a survey of distances played per game by sport, baseball ranks first behind the scenes. Instead, the number of games is overwhelmingly large. It is a long journey in which players have to play 162 games per season in the MLB and 144 games in the KBO, but if they do not have any physical stamina or are in an easy position, it will be difficult to maintain their athletic career.

Most baseball players are tall and strong because they have to exert explosive force in an instant. It is a difference between a marathon runner who has developed muscles for endurance and a sprinter who has developed muscles. For this reason, according to ESPN's difficulty data on sports events, baseball ranks ninth, one step higher than soccer, which ranks 10th. Basically, throwing balls up to 140 kilometers per hour to 160 kilometers per hour or hitting such balls requires natural strength, muscle strength, and reflexes.

Furthermore, flexibility and core muscles are crucial when analyzing the continuous motion of all baseball's actions. Due to the nature of the event, which requires instantaneous exertion, the body must be heavy and agile. Therefore, while having strength in the core and lower body, it must be able to withstand the instantaneous acceleration of the body. For this reason, baseball players' bodies are closer to a muscular body with some fat, like a power lifter, than to a piece of muscle, like a bodybuilder with less body fat, and in fact, this body is more advantageous for maintaining skills. Long-hitters who hit a lot of home runs have a lot of players who weigh much more than 100 kg, and pitchers have a lot of tall and huge players.

However, due to the nature of sports, players are extremely sensitive to their own posture, timing and balance regardless of position, so even at the professional level, their body shapes are quite different. Some have ideal balance from a generous body shape, while others have optimal balance from a slender body shape. Therefore, the optimal body shape for each individual varies greatly from player to player.

Because of this extreme sensitivity to one's own balance, one is very careful about weight training for anaerobic muscle exercise.

In terms of each position in baseball, the taller the baseball player, the better. In the case of pitchers (especially starting pitchers), the height of throwing the ball is higher when they are tall, and the limbs are generally longer, so they can throw faster and more powerful balls to batters with longer limbs. Fielders also have the advantage of being able to get runners out faster in in-play situations because longer limbs and taller players are more advantageous to catch than shorter players, and batters who have to swing baseball bats with strong force in an instant can use stronger power to push powerful balls into the outfield and hit more long balls or home runs. In the case of catchers, large and wide-sided players are welcomed. There is also a psychological reason for giving a pitcher who has to throw the ball in the strike zone a sense of stability, and if a wild pitch or bound pitch comes out, it is advantageous to block the ball with the body to hold the ball, and the risk of injury is low in case of a collision during a runner's rush home. For this reason, the average height of Major League players is 190 centimeters, the average height of pitchers is 193 centimeters, the average height of KBO league players is 183 centimeters, and the average height of pitchers is 184 centimeters, which is more than 10 centimeters higher than the average height of men in the country. There are quite a few high school baseball players who were undervalued in middle school because they were short because physical conditions such as height were the most important in the evaluation items of scouts.

Of course, short players do not lack star players. Despite their short stature, players like Jose Altuve, Kim Sun-bin, Jung Geun-woo, and Lee Yong-gyu have established themselves as national team-class players. Despite their unfavorable physical conditions, they were nominated by professionals and showed tremendous performances. The relatively small size has the advantage of being narrow in strike zones compared to tall players, so they can be deployed at No. 1 and No. 2 in the lineup to play as table setters. The biggest reason he can play as a table setter is that he can avoid tag-outs due to his narrow strike zones due to relatively small physical conditions and his good agility and small physique. Short players are also preferred because the Keystone duo of shortstop and second baseman need to bend over and hold the ball and often repeat the movement of getting back up.

This is one of the advantages of baseball, which is that any body type has its own advantage. Being tall is advantageous for pitching, and being short is advantageous as a runner, so you can use your agility to play, and even if you are fat, you can use your weight as power to play. Unlike other ball games, where short or fat does not have the advantage, you can enjoy it regardless of your physical conditions.

 

어느 스포츠든 강인한 체력을 요구하지만 축구는 특히나 그 중요성이 매우 강하다. 일단 전후반 45분 총 90분 동안 끊임없이 움직이므로 지구력이 매우 좋아야 한다. 인저리 타임(최대 5-6분)과 연장 전후반(각각 15분)까지 합하면 최대 125~6분 정도가 되겠다. 이는 전체 스포츠를 통틀어서도 제법 긴 경기 시간이다. 무엇보다도 작전 타임이 없으며 선수 교체도 공식 경기 기준, 경기당 다섯 번만 가능하다.

FIFA 규정상 교체된 선수는 재입장이 불가하고 한 번 경기한 선수는 48시간 이내에 다른 경기를 가질 수 없다. 90분간 선수들의 평균 이동거리는 약 8-9km이고, 순간 최대 스피드로 터치라인을 따라 세 번 왕복하면 아무리 훈련된 프로 축구 선수라도 이미 체력을 거의 다 소모한다고 봐야 한다.

실질적으로 축구에서는 좋은 판단력과 순간적이고 폭발적으로 낼 수 있는 빠른 스피드가 굉장히 중요하다. 물론, 스피드가 느려도 살아남을 방법은 얼마든지 있긴 하다. 얀 콜러, 마루앙 펠라이니, 나우두 같이 압도적인 키와 피지컬로 공중볼 다툼에서 높은 점프력을 보여주면서 우위를 점할 수도 있고, 페어 메르테자커나 마르코 마테라치같이 지능적으로 볼을 커트해 내거나, 후안 로만 리켈메, 세르히오 부스케츠같이 좋은 발재간으로 탈압박에 능할 수도 있고, 폴 스콜스나 스티븐 제라드처럼 강한 킥력으로 승부할 수도 있다.

 

 

All sports require strong physical strength, but soccer is especially important. For starters, players have to have good endurance and performance since they constantly move for a total of 90 minutes in the first 45 minutes of the first half. When the injury time (maximum 5-6 minutes) and the extended period before and after (15 minutes each) are added, the maximum duration will be 125 to 6 minutes. This is a fairly long game time in all sports. Above all, there is no operation time, and player change is only allowed five times per game based on the official match.

According to FIFA regulations, a replaced player is not allowed to re-enter the stadium, and a player who played once cannot play another game within 48 hours. The average travel distance of a player for 90 minutes is 8-9 kilometers, and it can be said that no matter how trained a professional soccer player is, he or she is already exhausted after making three round trips along the touchline at maximum instantaneous speed.

In reality, good judgment and instantaneous and explosive speed are very important in soccer. Of course, there are many ways to survive even if the speed is slow. You can gain the upper hand by showing high jumping power in aerial ball fights with your overwhelming height and physicality such as Jan Kohler, Marouane Fellaini, and Noudou, you can cut the ball intelligently like Fair Mertezaker or Marco Materachi, you can de-press with good footwork such as Juan Roman Rickelme and Sergio Busquets, and you can compete with strong kick power such as Paul Scholes and Steven Gerrard.

 

 

어느 스포츠든 강인한 체력을 요구하지만 축구는 특히나 그 중요성이 매우 강하다. 일단 전후반 45분 총 90분 동안 끊임없이 움직이므로 지구력이 매우 좋아야 한다. 인저리 타임(최대 5-6분)과 연장 전후반(각각 15분)까지 합하면 최대 125~6분 정도가 되겠다. 이는 전체 스포츠를 통틀어서도 제법 긴 경기 시간이다. 무엇보다도 작전 타임이 없으며 선수 교체도 공식 경기 기준, 경기당 다섯 번만 가능하다.

FIFA 규정상 교체된 선수는 재입장이 불가하고 한 번 경기한 선수는 48시간 이내에 다른 경기를 가질 수 없다. 90분간 선수들의 평균 이동거리는 약 8-9km이고, 순간 최대 스피드로 터치라인을 따라 세 번 왕복하면 아무리 훈련된 프로 축구 선수라도 이미 체력을 거의 다 소모한다고 봐야 한다.

실질적으로 축구에서는 좋은 판단력과 순간적이고 폭발적으로 낼 수 있는 빠른 스피드가 굉장히 중요하다. 물론, 스피드가 느려도 살아남을 방법은 얼마든지 있긴 하다. 얀 콜러, 마루앙 펠라이니, 나우두 같이 압도적인 키와 피지컬로 공중볼 다툼에서 높은 점프력을 보여주면서 우위를 점할 수도 있고, 페어 메르테자커나 마르코 마테라치같이 지능적으로 볼을 커트해 내거나, 후안 로만 리켈메, 세르히오 부스케츠같이 좋은 발재간으로 탈압박에 능할 수도 있고, 폴 스콜스나 스티븐 제라드처럼 강한 킥력으로 승부할 수도 있다.

 

 

All sports require strong physical strength, but soccer is especially important. For starters, players have to have good endurance and performance since they constantly move for a total of 90 minutes in the first 45 minutes of the first half. When the injury time (maximum 5-6 minutes) and the extended period before and after (15 minutes each) are added, the maximum duration will be 125 to 6 minutes. This is a fairly long game time in all sports. Above all, there is no operation time, and player change is only allowed five times per game based on the official match.

According to FIFA regulations, a replaced player is not allowed to re-enter the stadium, and a player who played once cannot play another game within 48 hours. The average travel distance of a player for 90 minutes is 8-9 kilometers, and it can be said that no matter how trained a professional soccer player is, he or she is already exhausted after making three round trips along the touchline at maximum instantaneous speed.

In reality, good judgment and instantaneous and explosive speed are very important in soccer. Of course, there are many ways to survive even if the speed is slow. You can gain the upper hand by showing high jumping power in aerial ball fights with your overwhelming height and physicality such as Jan Kohler, Marouane Fellaini, and Noudou, you can cut the ball intelligently like Fair Mertezaker or Marco Materachi, you can de-press with good footwork such as Juan Roman Rickelme and Sergio Busquets, and you can compete with strong kick power such as Paul Scholes and Steven Gerrard.